SCALE FORMULAS IN STEPS (OR TONES):

MAJOR (DO-RE-MI-FA-SO-LA-TI-DO) = W-W-1/2-W-W-W-1/2

MINOR (b3rd,b6th,b7th) = W-1/2-W-W-1/2-W-W

HARMONIC MINOR (MINOR WITH RAISED 7th)= W-1/2-W-W-1/2-W+1/2-1/2

MELODIC MINOR (MINOR WITH RAISED 6th & 7th) = W-1/2-W-W-W-W-1/2

PENTATONIC MINOR (5 NOTES) = W+1/2-W-W-W+1/2-W ex.) A-C-D-E-G-A

PENTATONIC MAJOR (5 NOTES) = W-W-W+1/2-W-W+1/2 ex.) C-D-E-G-A-C

BLUES SCALE(b5th ADDED) = W+1/2-W-1/2-1/2-W+1/2-W ex.) A-C-D-Eb-E-G-A

CHROMATIC SCALE (EVERY NOTE) = 1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2-1/2

REALATIVE KEYS AND THEIR NOTES:

Am = A-B-C-D-E-F-G-A / C = C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C

Em = E-F#-G-A-B-C-D-E / G = G-A-B-C-D-E-F#-G

C#m = C#-D#-E-F#-G#-A-B-C# / E = E-F#-G#-A-B-C#-D#-E

KEY SIGNATURES: RELATIVE KEYS:

NO SHARPS = C or Am

ONE SHARP = G or Em

TWO SHARPS = D or Bm

THREE SHARPS = A or F#m

FOUR SHARPS = E or C#m

FIVE SHARPS = B or G#m

SIX SHARPS = F# or D#m

SEVEN SHARPS = C# or A#m

NO FLATS = C or Am

ONE FLAT = F or Dm

TWO FLATS = Bb or Gm

THREE FLATS = Eb or Cm

FOUR FLATS = Ab or Fm

FIVE FLATS = Db or Bbm

SIX FLATS = Gb or Ebm

SEVEN FLATS = Cb or Abm

A MODE IS FORMED BY SIMPLY TAKING A MAJOR SCALE, SUCH AS 'C' AND STARTING ON ANY OTHER NOTE IN THE SCALE AND PLAYING UP TO THE SAME NOTE AN OCTAVE HIGHER. ALL MODES DERIVED FROM C MAJOR ARE MADE OF THE SAME NOTES AS C MAJOR; NO SHARPS OR FLATS.

EXAMPLE IN C MAJOR (IONIAN):

C-C - IONIAN (MAJOR)

D-D - DORIAN

E-E - PHRYGIAN

F-F - LYDIAN

G-G - MIXOLYDIAN

A-A - AEOLIAN (NATURAL MINOR)

B-B - LOCRIAN

*TIP - PLAY Bm SCALE OVER AN Em CHORD TO GET THE DORIAN SOUND!

*ONLY PRACTICE AT SPEEDS YOU CAN PLAY PERFECTLY!

*ALWAYS TAP YOUR FOOT, GROOVE OR HEADBANG!!!

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